![]() That is, the distributions of alleles in a population are compared to determine the presence of haplotypes. Several methods exist to detect selective sweeps the primary method is to measure linkage disequilibrium. ![]() įig 2: A basic biological selective sweep The pattern of the beneficial gene and its neighbors, seen in the fourth row on the right, are collectively referred to as a “haplotype.” The haplotype of the advantageous gene becomes much more frequent after selection occurs, as new populations are spawned. Each line in Figure 2 represents the genome of a single member of the population. The extremely beneficial gene is highlighted in red, while deleterious or neutral genes are presented in blue. Due to the rapid selection, many linked or nearby genes are also passed on to descendants, even though these other alleles may be neutral or even mildly deleterious to the organism. The essence of this process is that when a hugely beneficial allele appears, it is rapidly selected for. In the same way that superstar Lebron James lead his team, the Cleveland Cavaliers, to a sweep of the Hawks and the Celtics in last year’s playoffs, a good gene might help linked alleles attain reproductive success in a selective sweep. A selective sweep is the process by which strong selection of a beneficial allele causes the surrounding linked alleles to achieve a higher frequency in the population. Funnily enough, this terminology applies almost as well in the world of evolutionary biology. In other words, a sweep is the complete victory of one group over the other, often due to a star player. In baseball, ice hockey, and basketball, when a team wins all of the games in a playoff series, they are said to have swept the other team out of the playoffs. 1: Lebron James helps lead the Cavaliers in a sweep of the Celtics.
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